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(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

, H. M. PIERCE.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF .TURPENTI'NB AND OTHER WOOD PRODUCTS. AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CHARCOAL.

No. 277,505. Patented May 15,1883.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2'.

H. MI PIEROE.

PROOESSOF AND APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF TURPEN'TINE AND OTHER WOOD PRODUCTS AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF OEAROO L.

No. 277,505. tanked May 15?? 8 w v //v I the pine woods, firs, 8:0.

appertains may apply the same.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE...

HENRY M. PIERCE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF TURPENTlNE AND OTHER WOOD PRODUCTS AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CHARCOAL.

SPECIFICATION .forming part of Letters Patent No. 277,505, dated May 15, 1883,

Application filed November 25, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY M. PIERCE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ohicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of and Apparatus for the Recovery of Turpentine and other calrecovery of wood products and the manu-- facture of charcoal, or, in other words, to ob tain the greatest yield at the least expense of operating. It has more especial reference to the recovery of turpentine, resins, 850., from The common custom heretofore has been to obtain the turpentine and rosin by tapping the tree and distilling the exudation; but by such a method only a small per cent. of such products is obtained, and of late years the lumber has become so much more valuable for timber that the manufacture of turpentine and charcoal has been in a great measure abandoned in many places. By my method and means the yield'of turpentine, rosin, and charcoal is solargely increased, or, in other words, solittle loss resultsin manufacturing, that such woods will be equally if not more profitably utilized in the m anufacture of said products.

I will now proceed to describe my invention, so that others skilled in the art to which it- I will first describe apparatus suitable for the purpose, and then the method of operation.

In the drawings,A indicates a carbonizingchamber, which, so far as the method is concerned, may be of any closed chamber, provided with an exit-pipe for gases, vapors, 8m.

| In the present instance it is a kiln which varies from those in common use in the following particulars: In lieu of the usual openings for escape of gases, vapors, do, I provide a series of lines, (J, arranged at intervals, which communicate with the kiln at or near its base, and with each other or a common conduit, I at a point preferably above the root of the kiln or carbonizing-cham her. This kiln is provided with chargingdoors, B B, airducts or ports N N around its base, and the usual firing-port, X. Several of such carbonizingchambers may be employed, and will all communicate by fines O with the common conduit I. The conduit P communicates by a pipe, 1), with a spray-condenser, T, delivering the gases, vapors,&c., into the head or upper portion thereof. This condenser T ispreferably a cylindrical vertical chamber provided at its lower extremity with a draw-ott' cook, a, for the withdrawal of tar, rosin. 850., and with a steamrcoil, k, (which has its inlet and exit cocks M M,) adapted to heat and liquei'y any substances which may become too thick to be drawn cit through draw-off cook a. At a suitable height in condenser T is provided an exit-pipe, V, for fluids, which delivers into a separator, D, and just above said exit-pipe V is a g'as exit pipe leading to a gas-chamber, F, whence a pipe, F, conducts the uncondensed gases either to a gasometer or a furnace, as preferred. The furnace may be that of the boiler from which power for the works is obtained. The gas, it stored in a gasometer, may be curbureted and utilized for lighting purposes. If desired, a fan, f, may be placed in the pipe F to gather and retire the uncondensed gases.

The object to be attained in using a spraycondenser rather than any other form is to collect andfloat over the oily matters and such as are miscible with water without contaminating the same, and at the same time to separate and precipitate the tarry and resinous matters. The condenserTcommunicates with .the separator by means of pipe V.

D indicates a separator, which is also by preference of the form of a vertically-arranged closed cylinder, although any other form may be adopted at will. In the upper portion of the same, and arrangedjust below the delivery end ofinduction-pipe, is a defiector, V, which receives and spreads the incoming. liquids, so as to prevent the formation of currents in the separator and facilitate the separation of the oily matters from the water. At the upper portion of the separator, and communicating therewith at the oil-level, is a draw-01'1" pipe, I, which is provided with a swivel-joint, so that it can be raised or lowered to vary the height at which the oil shallbedrawnoff from the separator, and near the bottom otthe sepator, at one side, is a draw-ofi" cock, at, for removing sediment. At the opposite side of the separator is a short pipe, a,provided with a stop-cock through which all the fluid may be drawn from the separator, if desired but as it is desirable to trap off the water continuously, I arrange on pipe at a "ertical siphon branch, E, provided with a sliding section, E, (a swiveljoint will answer very well,) which can be raised or lowered to maintain the water-level in separatorD at any desired height.

My method of operation consists in recovering the turpentine or oily matters and the resinous and tarry matters from the woods by, first, distilling or carbonizing the wood, so as to drive over the vapors and volatile matters; secondly, subjecting'such vapors to the action ofa water-spray, so as to separate the oily matters and those miscible with water from the tarry and resinous matters, which latter are precipitated,and, finally, siphoning ofit'the oily and aqueous matters; and it may be applied by means of the apparatus specified, in the following manner:

The kiln A is filled with wood through the doors B B, which are then closed and luted, and the contents of thekiln fired through the opening X, the air to support the slow combustion being admitted through the air-inlets NN, around the base of the kiln. Thegases, vapors, 850., which are evolved from the wood enter the fines 0, pass thence intoconduitP, and by pipe 1) to the condenser T. The pressure in the kiln is sufficient to cause the steady movementof thegasesto thecondenser. Thevapors, gases, &c., on beingsubjected to the spray, sepawate into tarry and resinous elements, which precipitate, and may be drawn off through a, oily matters, which fioatupon the surface of the water in the condenser T, and miscible matters, the uncondensed gases passing to gaschamber F, whence they may be drawn through pipe F, as before specified. 1f the tarry and resinous matters become too much chilled or too thick to be drawn off by the cook a, steam may be admitted to coil K in order to liquefy the same. The water and oily matters pass from the condenser T through pipe V to separator D, falling upon the deflector V, by which the same are spread out, so as to prevent the formation of currents and facilitate the separation of the oil and water. The oil will rise to the upper portion of the separator, whence it is trapped off by pipe I, set.at .the' desired level, and the water which will occupy the lower portion of the separator will flow constantly from the same through siphon-pipe E, which may also be set so as to regulate the height of water maintained in the separator. The oil and the water thus separately gathered, as well as the tarry matters and resins recovered from the condenser, may be submitted to subsequent distillation, refining, or other treatment, as desired or required.

I am aware that fluids have heretofore been separated by decantatiou, and that spray condensers have been employed in condensing oils 'in the'distillation thereof, and do not herein destructive distillation of woods a spray-condenser has been used, so as not only to condense the turpentine, but at the same time free it from acids and from matters miscible with water, and by trapping off the liquids at different levels recovering the valuable products by a continuous process, as herein specified; and, therefore,

Having thus described myinvention,what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s 1 1. The method herein described for recovering oils, resin, 800., from wood products, which consists in subjecting the vapors, 830., arising from the distillation of the wood to the action of a spray of water, whereby the oils and resinous matters are separated, and then decanting or drawing off the supernatant oily matter, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. A kiln or carbonizing-chamber provided with air-inlet and flues for the escape of the vapors, &c., generated in the kiln, in combination with a spray-condenser, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. A kiln or carbonizing-chamber provided with air-inlet and flues for the escape of the vapors generated in the kiln, in combination with a spray-condenser having a gas-chamber and gas-exit pipe, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. A separating-chamber or separator provided with two adjustable draw-off or siphon pipes arranged at different levels, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. A separating-chamber provided with an induction-pipe, a deflector arranged below the delivery end of said pipe, a draw-off pipe communicating with the upper portion of the separating-chamber. and a siphon-pipe communicating with the lower portion of the separating-chamber, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

6. A spray-condenser having a steam-coil arranged therein, and provided with a gaseduction pipe, in combination with a separator having two draw-oft pipes arranged at different levels, and a conduit connecting the In testimony whereof I affix my signature, in lo condenser and separator, substantially as and presence of two witnesses, this 20th day of for the purposes specified. November, 1882.

7. The combination of the kiln having airinlets and fines for the escape of vapors, &c., HENRY M. PIERCE.

with a spray-condenser having a gas-exit pipe, and a separator having two draw-off Witnesses:

pipes arranged at different levels, substan- F. W. BITTER, Jr., tially as and for the purpose specified. H. B. MOULTON. 

